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A flowering calendar is one of the most useful reference tools a new beekeeper or gardener can have, because understanding the “forage gap” (times of year when food is scarce) is critical for colony survival. Here is a chronological list of the most important native and common plants, trees, and shrubs that our bees rely on, It shows whether the plant provides primarily nectar (carbohydrates for honey), pollen (protein for brood rearing), or both.
| Plant Species | Type | Primary Resource | Peak Flowering |
| Snowdrop | 🌷 Bulb | 🌼 Pollen / 🍯 Nectar | Jan – Feb |
| Crocus | 🌷 Bulb | 🌼 Pollen | Feb – Mar |
| Willow (Salix) | 🌳 Tree | 🌼 Pollen / 🍯 Nectar | Feb – Apr |
| Dandelion | 🌿 Wildflower | 🌼 Pollen / 🍯 Nectar | Mar – May |
| Cherry & Plum | 🌳 Tree | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Apr – May |
| Bluebell | 🌷 Bulb | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Apr – May |
| Hawthorn | 🌳 Tree / Shrub | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | May |
| Blackberry (Bramble) | 🌿 Shrub | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Jun – Aug |
| White Clover | 🌿 Wildflower | 🍯 Nectar | Jun – Aug |
| Lime (Linden) | 🌳 Tree | 🍯 Nectar | Jun – Jul |
| Lavender | 🌿 Shrub | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Jun – Aug |
| Borage | 🌱 Herb / Annual | 🍯 Nectar | Jun – Sep |
| Rosebay Willowherb | 🌿 Wildflower | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Jul – Sep |
| Heather (Ling) | 🌿 Shrub | 🍯 Nectar | Aug – Sep |
| Michaelmas Daisy | 🌸 Perennial | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Sep – Oct |
| Ivy (Hedera helix) | 🍃 Climber | 🍯 Nectar / 🌼 Pollen | Sep – Nov |
Start Your Own Pollinator Patch
If you want to help fill in the “forage gaps” in your own garden, the easiest way to start is by planting hardy, nectar-rich varieties that require very little maintenance. You don’t need a massive field—even a few large pots or a dedicated border can make a huge difference to local colonies.
Here are three of the easiest wins for a beginner gardener:
- Early Spring Lifelines: Planting Crocus bulbs in the autumn guarantees that waking bees will have a vital source of fresh pollen in February and March, right when the colony needs protein the most.
- The Summer Staple: Scattering Borage seeds provides a massive summer nectar flow. Borage thrives in poor soil, and its flowers actually refill with nectar incredibly fast after a bee visits.
- The Lazy Meadow Hack: If you have a bare patch of soil and want a mix of native blooms without the fuss of planning, tossing down a few UK Wildflower Seed Bombs is brilliant. You literally just throw them on the dirt, let the rain break down the protective clay, and watch them grow.
What’s Next?
If you are getting your garden ready for bees, check out my guide on choosing your very first hive.
What are you planning to plant in your garden this year? Let me know in the comments below!